Çevrimdışı

1899

• Berlin'den Basra Körfezi'ne kadar uzanması tasarlanan Bağdat Demiryolu'na ilişkin sözleşme, Türkiye ile Almanya arasında imzalandı.

• The agreement for the Baghdad Railroad, which was designed to be constructed from Berlin to the port of Basra, was signed between Turkey and Germany.

1906

• Terakki ve İttihat Cemiyeti’nin adı, İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti olarak değiştirildi.

1907

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• Kurmay Yüzbaşı Mustafa Kemal, İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti üyesi oldu.

• Staff Captain Mustafa Kemal became a member of the Committee of Union and Progress.

1909

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• İstanbul’da, 31 MartOlayı olarak anılacak gerici ayaklanma yaşandı.

• A reactionary uprising was experienced in Istanbul known as the 31 March Incident.

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• Mustafa Kemal, gerici ayaklanmayı bastırmak üzere kurulan Hareket Ordusu’nun Kurmay Başkanlığı’na atandı.

• Mustafa Kemal was appointed as the Chief of Staff of the Operations Army established to quell the reactionary uprising.

1910

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• 19 Ocak: Çırağan Sarayı yandı.

• 19 January: The Çırağan Palace was burned in a fire.

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• 28 Eylül: İtalyanların Libya’ya saldırmasıyla, Trablusgarp Savaşı başladı. Savaş Osmanlıların yenilgisiyle sonuçlandı. Mustafa Kemal bu savaşa Kurmay Yüzbaşı rütbesiyle katıldı. BYEGM

• 28 September: The Tripoli War started with the Italian attack on Tripoli. This war was concluded with the defeat of the Ottomans. Mustafa Kemal participated in this war with the rank of Staff Captain.

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27 Nisan: Osmanlı Padişahı II. Abdülhamit 31 Mart olaylarında sorumluluk taşıdığı gerekçesiyle İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’nin baskısıyla tahttan indirilip Selanik’e sürülürken, yerine V. Mehmet Reşat geçti.

• 27 April: Abdülhamid II, the Ottoman Sultan, with the pressure of the Committee of Union and Progress and the justification that he was instrumental in the 31 March Incidents, was deposed and exiled to Salonika (Thessalonica) and Mehmet Reşat V ascended the throne.

• 16 Mart: İstanbul İtilaf Devletleri tarafından işgal edildi.

• 16 March: Istanbul was occupied by the Entente Powers.

• 23 Nisan: Cumhuriyet’in ilanından üç yıl önce, büyük bir kısmı işgal edilen Anadolu’nun merkezi Ankara’da ulusal egemenliğin simgesi olarak Büyük Millet Meclisi açıldı. Ertesi gün toplanan BMM, Mustafa Kemal’i oybirliği ile Meclis Başkanlığı’na seçti.

• 23 April: Three years prior to the proclamation of the Republic, the Grand National Assembly (GNA) was opened in Ankara, as a symbol of the national sovereignty. Ankara was the center of Anatolia under occupation. The GNA convened the following day and unanimously elected Mustafa Kemal as the President of the Assembly.

• 10 January and 1 April: The advance of the Greek forces in Western Anatolia was stopped by a regular army under İsmet (İnönü) Bey, commander of the Western Front at the First and Second İnönü victories.

• Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi tarafından açılan güfte yarışması, sonucunda Mehmet Akif’in (Ersoy) şiiri İstiklal Marşı olarak kabul edildi. 1922 yılında düzenlenen Misak-Milli Tablosu’nda İstiklal Marşı’nın iki mısrası yer aldı.

• The poem of Mehmet Akif (Ersoy) was accepted as the National Anthem as the result of the contest opened by the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA). Two verses of the national anthem were included in the National Pact picture that was prepared in 1922.

• 26 Ağustos: Büyük Taarruz başladı. 30 Ağustos’ta, Büyük Zafer’le sonuçlanacak Dumlupınar Başkomutan Meydan Muharebesi başladı.

• 26 August: The Grand Offensive started. The Dumlupınar Commander-in-Chief Field Battle started, which would result in a great victory on 30 August.

• 11 October: The Mudanya Armistice, which was signed with the Entente delegates, reached the agreement for the occupying forces to vacate the Turkish territories and for the convening of a peace conference at Lausanne.

• 1 November: In a law enacted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly, the Caliphate and the Sultanate were separated from each other and the Sultanate was abolished.

• 20 Kasım: Lozan Konferansı açıldı, 8 ay süren konferansa Türkiye adına İsmet İnönü başkanlığında bir heyet katıldı. 24 Temmuz 1923’de Lozan Anlaşması imzalandı. İnönü Vakfı

• 20 November: The Lausanne Conference convened and a delegation presided by İsmet İnönü attended the conference on behalf of Turkey which lasted for 8 months. The Treaty of Lausanne was signed on 24 July 1923.

• 30 October: Benito Mussolini, the fascist leader, became the Prime Minister of Italy.

• 29 Ekim: Cumhuriyet ilan edildi. Mustafa Kemal Cumhurbaşkanlığına seçildi. İsmet İnönü Başbakanlığa atandı. (Cumhuriyetin 1.Yılı kutlamaları) BYEGM

• 29 October: The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed. Mustafa Kemal was elected as the President and İsmet İnönü was appointed as the Prime Minister.

• 18 January: The Economy Congress convened in Izmir.

• The film on the subject of the War of Independence called "Ateşten Gömlek" (The Great Ordeal), based on the novel by Halide Edip and produced by Muhsin Ertuğrul, in which the actresses Neyyire Neyir and Bedia Muvahhit starred, initiated the acting of Muslim Turkish women in the cinema.

• 13 Ekim: Ankara, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin başkenti oldu.

• 13 October: Ankara became the capital city of the Republic of Turkey.

• 3 March: The caliphate and the Ministries of Islamic Law and Foundations were abrogated at the Turkish Grand National Assembly. The madrasas were closed with the Law on the Unification of Education. A decision was made to exile the last caliph Abdülmecid and the members of the Ottoman dynasty. (Abdülmecid with his daughter and grandchildren in Paris).

• 3 April: The Topkapı Palace was reorganized and opened as a museum.

• 17 November: The first opposition party period: The Progressive Republican Party was established by Ali Fuat Bey (Cebesoy), Kazım Bey (Karabekir), Rauf Bey (Orbay), Adnan Bey (Adıvar) and Refet Bey (Bele).

• 21 Ocak: Rus Devrimi’nin önderi Vladimir Ilyich Lenin öldü. Lenin’in rahasızlığı nedeniyle, iki yıldır SSCB Komünist Partisi Genel Sekreterliği görevini sürdüren Joseph V. Stalin iktidara geldi.L’Express

• 21 January: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, the leader of the Russian Revolution, died. Joseph V. Stalin, who was the acting Secretary General of the USSR Communist Party for two years during Lenin's illness, assumed power.

• 4 March: The Law for the Establishment of Public Order was promulgated upon the expansion of the reactionary and separatist Sheik Said uprising which started at Piran in Genç Province (presently a part of Bingöl Province). The Independence Tribunal was assigned to prosecute the suspects.

• 2-25 November: With the adoption of the Hat Law by the Turkish Grand National Assembly, the apparel which could be construed as a religious symbol, such as fezzes, turbans, robes worn by imams and quilted turbans, were forbidden from being worn.

• 4 October: The Civil Code, which adopted radical changes in family life and society, the Code of Obligations and the Commercial Code were passed by the Turkish Grand National Assembly and went into effect.

• 26 November: The Alpullu Sugar Plant was opened.

• 5 June: Turkey reached an agreement with England and Iraq on Mosul and border disputes. Mosul remained outside of the borders of

• 15-20 October: Mustafa Kemal Pasha delivered his Great Speech at the Republican People's Party (CHP) General Assembly which described the history of the Turkish struggle as of the beginning of the War of Independence and the ensuing developments.

• 1 November: The Arabic script was abolished and the new Turkish Alphabet composed of Latin characters was adopted.

• Okuma yazma oranını yükseltmek amacıyla MilletMektepleri açıldı ve yetişkinlere yeni harfleri öğretmek için seferberlik başladı. BYEGM

• National Schools were opened to increase the rate of literacy and acampaign was started to teach the new alphabet to adults.

• 24 October: The New York Stock Exchange crashed at the start of the world economic crisis.

• Kaynak: Alıntı
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